{"id":3578,"date":"2015-04-15T01:54:51","date_gmt":"2015-04-14T23:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.worldwatercouncil.org\/2050-water-supplies-dwindle-parts-world-threatening-food-security-and-livelihoods\/"},"modified":"2025-11-17T18:13:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T17:13:44","slug":"2050-water-supplies-dwindle-parts-world-threatening-food-security-and-livelihoods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldwatercouncil.org\/fr\/2050-water-supplies-dwindle-parts-world-threatening-food-security-and-livelihoods\/","title":{"rendered":"2050 : Les r\u00e9serves d'eau diminueront dans certaines parties du monde, mena\u00e7ant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les moyens de subsistance"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 2050, il y aura suffisamment d'eau pour aider \u00e0 produire les aliments n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 une population mondiale qui devrait d\u00e9passer les neuf milliards, mais la surconsommation, la d\u00e9gradation et l'impact du changement climatique r\u00e9duiront les r\u00e9serves d'eau dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions, en particulier dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, mettent en garde la FAO et le Conseil mondial de l'eau dans un document publi\u00e9 aujourd'hui.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cLe rapport \u201dVers un avenir s\u00fbr pour l'eau et l'alimentation\" appelle \u00e0 des politiques gouvernementales et \u00e0 des investissements des secteurs public et priv\u00e9 pour garantir que les cultures, le b\u00e9tail et le poisson soient produits de mani\u00e8re durable, tout en pr\u00e9servant les ressources en eau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ces actions sont essentielles pour r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9, augmenter les revenus et assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de nombreuses personnes vivant dans les zones rurales et urbaines, souligne le document.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cLa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'eau sont inextricablement li\u00e9es. Nous pensons qu'en d\u00e9veloppant des approches locales et en faisant les bons investissements, les dirigeants du monde peuvent garantir un volume, une qualit\u00e9 et un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau suffisants pour assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en 2050 et au-del\u00e0\u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Benedito Braga, pr\u00e9sident du Conseil mondial de l'eau, \u00e0 l'occasion du lancement du document lors du 7 e Forum mondial de l'eau \u00e0 Daegu et Gyeongbuk, en R\u00e9publique de Cor\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cL'essentiel du d\u00e9fi consiste \u00e0 adopter des programmes qui impliquent des investissements \u00e0 plus long terme, tels que la r\u00e9habilitation des infrastructures. L'agriculture doit suivre la voie de la durabilit\u00e9 et non celle de la rentabilit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate\u201d, a ajout\u00e9 M. Braga.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les changements s'acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent comme jamais auparavant, notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 fournir des aliments ad\u00e9quats, s\u00fbrs et nutritifs de mani\u00e8re durable et \u00e9quitable est plus importante que jamais. L'eau, qui est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment irrempla\u00e7able pour atteindre cet objectif, est d\u00e9j\u00e0 sous la pression de demandes croissantes provenant d'autres utilisations, exacerb\u00e9es par une faible gouvernance, des capacit\u00e9s inad\u00e9quates et un sous-investissement\u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Maria Helena Semedo, directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale adjointe (connaissances) de l'Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO).\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cLe moment est venu de revoir nos politiques publiques, nos cadres d'investissement, nos structures de gouvernance et nos institutions. Nous entrons dans l'\u00e8re du d\u00e9veloppement post-2015 et nous devrions la marquer par des engagements solides\u201d, a-t-elle ajout\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L'agriculture continuera de repr\u00e9senter la majeure partie de la consommation d'eau<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

D'ici 2050, il faudra environ 60 % de nourriture en plus - jusqu'\u00e0 100 % dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement - pour nourrir le monde, tandis que l'agriculture restera le plus grand utilisateur d'eau au niveau mondial, repr\u00e9sentant dans de nombreux pays environ deux tiers ou plus des r\u00e9serves tir\u00e9es des rivi\u00e8res, des lacs et des nappes phr\u00e9atiques.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 l'urbanisation croissante, en 2050, une grande partie de la population mondiale et la plupart des pauvres continueront \u00e0 gagner leur vie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'agriculture. Pourtant, le secteur verra le volume d'eau disponible r\u00e9duit en raison de la demande concurrente des villes et de l'industrie, souligne le document de la FAO.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ainsi, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la technologie et aux pratiques de gestion, les agriculteurs, en particulier les petits exploitants, devront trouver des moyens d'augmenter leur production sur les terres et les eaux limit\u00e9es dont ils disposent.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Actuellement, la p\u00e9nurie d'eau touche plus de 40 % de la population mondiale, une proportion qui devrait atteindre les deux tiers d'ici 2050.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cela est d\u00fb en grande partie \u00e0 la surconsommation d'eau pour la production alimentaire et l'agriculture. Par exemple, dans de vastes r\u00e9gions d'Asie du Sud et de l'Est, au Proche-Orient, en Afrique du Nord, en Am\u00e9rique du Nord et en Am\u00e9rique centrale, la quantit\u00e9 d'eau souterraine utilis\u00e9e est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle qui peut \u00eatre reconstitu\u00e9e naturellement.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, l'agriculture intensive, le d\u00e9veloppement industriel et la croissance des villes sont responsables de la pollution des sources d'eau, ajoute le document.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Changements politiques et investissements indispensables<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Des am\u00e9liorations visant \u00e0 aider les agriculteurs \u00e0 augmenter la production alimentaire en utilisant des ressources en eau de plus en plus limit\u00e9es - y compris dans le domaine de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des cultures et du b\u00e9tail - sont largement n\u00e9cessaires. Selon la FAO et le Conseil mondial de l'eau, il sera \u00e9galement essentiel de donner aux agriculteurs les moyens de mieux g\u00e9rer les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la p\u00e9nurie d'eau. Cela n\u00e9cessitera une combinaison d'investissements publics et priv\u00e9s ainsi qu'une formation de soutien.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pour lutter contre la d\u00e9gradation et le gaspillage, les institutions charg\u00e9es de l'eau devraient \u00eatre plus transparentes dans leurs m\u00e9canismes d'attribution et de tarification, affirment les deux organisations. Il est essentiel que les droits relatifs \u00e0 l'eau soient attribu\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable et inclusive.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Le document souligne en particulier la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des terres et de l'eau et l'acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 renforcer le r\u00f4le des femmes qui, en Afrique et en Asie, sont responsables d'une grande partie de l'agriculture.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Lutte contre le changement climatique<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Les effets du r\u00e9chauffement climatique, notamment des pr\u00e9cipitations et des temp\u00e9ratures inhabituelles et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames plus fr\u00e9quents, tels que les s\u00e9cheresses et les cyclones, auront un impact croissant sur l'agriculture et les ressources en eau en particulier, met en garde le document publi\u00e9 aujourd'hui.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Les zones montagneuses fournissent jusqu'\u00e0 80 % des ressources en eau de la plan\u00e8te, mais le recul continu des glaciers sous l'effet du changement climatique menace l'existence de ces ressources \u00e0 l'avenir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Les for\u00eats, quant \u00e0 elles, utilisent de l'eau mais en fournissent \u00e9galement - au moins un tiers des plus grandes villes du monde tirent une partie importante de leur eau potable de zones foresti\u00e8res.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cela souligne l'importance d'efforts plus soutenus pour prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats et les zones de montagne d'o\u00f9 provient une grande partie de l'approvisionnement en eau douce de la plan\u00e8te.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Le document publi\u00e9 aujourd'hui pr\u00e9conise des politiques et des investissements visant \u00e0 renforcer l'adaptation au niveau des bassins versants et des m\u00e9nages, tels que l'am\u00e9lioration des installations de stockage de l'eau, le captage et la r\u00e9utilisation des eaux us\u00e9es, ainsi que la recherche visant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des syst\u00e8mes de production agricole plus r\u00e9silients pour les petits exploitants.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Le Forum mondial de l'eau (12-17 avril) est le plus grand \u00e9v\u00e9nement international visant \u00e0 trouver des solutions communes aux nombreux d\u00e9fis de la plan\u00e8te en mati\u00e8re d'eau. En plus de produire le Livre blanc conjointement avec le Forum mondial de l'eau, la FAO s'est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 plusieurs partenaires et a publi\u00e9 un livre blanc sur l'eau.\u00a0La vision 2030 et le cadre d'action mondial<\/a>, La Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 un rapport sur la gestion des eaux souterraines, un ensemble d'orientations politiques et de recommandations visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la gestion des eaux souterraines.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\nCONSEIL MONDIAL DE L'EAU EVENEMENTS CL\u00c9S DU 7\u00e8me FORUM MONDIAL DE L'EAU TH\u00c9MATIQUES ENGAGEMENT POLITIQUE<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

VERS UN AVENIR S\u00dbR EN MATI\u00c8RE D'EAU ET D'ALIMENTATION<\/a>\u00a0
\nL'EAU ET LA CROISSANCE VERTE VOL 1<\/a>\u00a0
\nL'EAU ET LA CROISSANCE VERTE VOL 2<\/a>\u00a0
\nLA GESTION INT\u00c9GR\u00c9E DES RESSOURCES EN EAU<\/a>\u00a0
\nEAU : APTE AU FINANCEMENT ?<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

RAPPORT ANNUEL 2014<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 2050 there will be enough water to help produce the food needed to feed a global population expected to top nine billion, but overconsumption, degradation and the impact of climate change will reduce water supplies in many regions, especially developing countries, FAO and the World Water Council have warned in a paper published today.\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2050: Water supplies to dwindle in parts of the world, threatening food security and livelihoods - World Water Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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